Age of Discovery
Pre-Columbian Indians
10,000 years before Columbus discovered America
Land Bridge Theory
Drop in Ocean Level
Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy
8,000 BC--Ice Age Ends
5,000 BC--Agriculture begins in North America
3,000 BC--Corn is domesticated
potatoes
squash
pumpkins
beans
sweet potatoes
tobacco
500 BC--Early Mayan Civilization
1,000 AD--Vikings Reach North America
1,400 AD--Aztec Civilization
1,450 AD--League of Iroquois Formed
1492 AD--Columbus Sails to West Indies
Indians of North America
Tribes: an inexact term used to describe a group that differs from its neighbors in language and customs.
Federations: Tribes of Indians banned together for protection or economic growth.
Example: Iroquois
Creeks
Empires: Vast numbers of Indians living under one ruler. Central and South America
United States Indians
California Indians: Most densely populated area. Due to warm climate and availability of food.
Northwest Indians: Good Climate. Made houses out of wood and fished for salmon and whale. Traced family through mother. Known for totem poles.
Chinook
Southwest Indians: Dry rocky climate. Lived by farming. Traced descendents through mother. Men did the weaving and farming while women owned crops and houses.
Hopi and Pueblo
Apache and Navajos later
Plain Indians: From Rocky Mountains to Mississippi River. Nomadic. Lived by hunting buffalo. Housing was usually a teepee.
Cheyenne, Blackfoot, Comanche, Pawnee, and Sioux
Eastern Woodland Indians: Used slash and burn method. Moved when land was used up. Lived in Longhouses. Europeans took advantage of cleared land. Women were the farmers. Lived in Federations.
Algonquin (al gong' ken) made up of the Pequot,
Powhatan, and the Delaware.
Iroquois. Composed of Huron, Erie and Mohawk.
Southeastern Indians: Much like the Eastern Woodland Indians. Creeks were federation, but many patterned themselves after Central and South American Indians.
Creeks, Choctaw, Cherokee, and Seminoles
Age of Discovery
Dark Ages -- Little or no use for Exploration
Renaissance -- Interest in exploration for money.
Carpini (1245) Monk-- traveled from Lyons, France to Mongolia
Attempts to establish trade. Why?
No spices but Salt
No tomatoes or potatoes
No clothing except animal skins and rough wool
China Empire had moved westward
Crusades
Economic Reasons -- food, textiles, spices
Trade Routes -- (Overland)
Venice Merchants sent to find route
Polo brothers first to go
Marco (son of one of the brothers)
Made 2nd expedition
Stayed 25 years
Returned and locked up
Wrote Travels of Marco Polo while in jail
Trade with Cathay ends with the close of Constantinople
Need to develop Sea Route
Prince Henry the Navigator
Sponsored by the King of Portugal
Portugal -- Jewish Haven
Abraham Zacutus -- Cartographer and Shipbuilder
Established School of Navigation
Knew World was round
Did not know how big
Eratosthenes (276-197 BC) -- Mathematician calculated the circumference of the earth to within 100 miles
Exporation
CountryExplorerYearArea of Discovery
PortugalDias1487Cape of Good Hope
Cabral 1500 Line of Demarcation
Spain Columbus 1492America
Vespucci1499Map of North America
Ponce de Leon 1513Florida Fountain of Youth
Balboa 1513Pacific Great South Sea
Cortez 1519Aztecs (Mexico City)
Magellan 1519Circmnavigated the
discovered the SW Passage
EnglandCabot 1497Northeast US
France Cartier 1535St. Lawrence Seaway
La Salle1579Great Lakes--Mississippi River
