Causes of the American Revolution

Overview:

By 1763, Great Britain had colonies throughout the world.

Great for Mercantilism, but difficult to manage

Global Colonies created a need for:     

1. large armies

2. taxes to pay the army

3. strong leadership

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire

American Colonies were Politically Strong through Salutary Neglect

1763 Conflict between British and Americans over:

British expected colonist to pay for their protection and the war

Colonist felt they had paid enough through Mercantilism

George Grenville (PM), could not understand why the colonist were upset about paying taxes.

The Road to Independence

From 1763 to 1776 Great Britain and America evolved from Allies to Adversary. 

What was the step by step process leading to  separation?

You are responsible for the Cause and Effect of each of the following actions taken by the British government.  What was the American response to:

Proclamation Line of 1763

Sugar Act of 1764 (Indirect Tax)

"Taxation without Representation"

Currency Act of 1764

Quartering Act of 1765

Stamp Act of 1765 (Direct Tax)

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Stamp Act Repealed in 1766

Townshend Act of 1767 (Indirect Tax)

Writs of Assistance

Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)

Tea Act of 1773

East India Tea Company

Would allow the company British Merchants to bypass     

1. British Merchant

2. Colonial Retailer 

Results:      

1. Cheaper Price   

2. Monopoly for Colonial Retailer  

Townshend Tax

East India Tea Co.

Boston Tea Party  (Dec. 16, 1773)

Intolerable Acts of 1774  (Coercive Act)

1.Closed Port of Boston

2.Eliminated Self Government

3.Established Harsh Quartering Act

Americans established First Continental Congress

American Revolution

1775

Patrick Henry

"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death"

Overview:

Before the 1st Continental Congress could meet... General Gage  sent troops to Lexington and Concord

April, 1775 Lexington and Concord

One if by land. Two if by sea...... Old North Church

Paul Revere

Billy Dawes

Dr. Samuel Prescott

Minutemen meet in Lexington

"Shot Heard Around the World"

War for Independence had Begun

British CasualtiesAmerican Casualties

73 Dead       93 Dead or Wounded

174 Wounded

26 Missing

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys

Ft. Ticonderoga -- Supplies

May -- 2nd Continental Congress Appoints

Washington Commander in Chief

June -- Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill

British -- 1000 DeadPatriots -- 450 Dead

British Victory

King George III declares Colonist:

"Rebels"

Ordered Naval Blockade

Hired 10,000 Hessians

1776

Washington takes Dorchester Heights

Howe replaced Gage

Evacuated Boston

Patriots Victory

Still--

Americans had not declared their Independence

British StrengthAmerican Strength

1. population (3 -1)1. outstanding leadership

2. monetary wealth2. fight defensive

3. military power   3. moral advantage

4. foreign aid  4. foreign aid - France

              5. better marksmen

British Weakness    American Weakness

1. inept government1. poorly org. for war

2. distance from Britain 2. economic problems

3. foreign problems 3. loose government

4. troops in Ireland 4. states independent

5. French revenge               5. shortage of supplies

6. Am. large landmass   6. small population

Declaration of  Independence

Preamble

List of Grievances

Declaration

Declaration of Independence

Forced Americans to Choose  

Patriots (Rebels)

Loyalist (Tories)

Major Battles of the American Revolution

Trenton and Princeton, NJ   (Dec. 25, 1776)

General Cornwallis

1300 Hessians

Washington crossed the Delaware

Great moral victory

Psychological defeat for British

British defeated at Saratoga

Turning Point of the War

Three prong attack failed

British Parliament offered to:

suspend the Intolerable Act

pardon the Patriots

too little, too late

Winter Encampment

Washington moves to Valley Forge

Ben Franklin recruits France

New Supplies

New Recruits

Washington never quit.  He stayed when other high officials had quit.  This makes him the hero of the war.

Help from abroad:

Poland: Count Casmir Pulaski

Prussia: Baron Von Steuben

France: Marquis de Lafayette

With Aid from Europe - British changed plans

South:

Francis Marion (Swamp Fox)

Northwest: (Ohio Valley)

George Rogers Clark

Sea:

John Paul Jones

Bon Homme Richard v. HMS Serapis

"I have not yet begun to fight"

British Surrender

Battle of Yorktown

End of the War

Adm. de Grasse blockaded Chesapeake Bay

Washington faked attack on New York

Washington lead troops to Yorktown

British unsuccessful in attempt to run block aid

Cornwallis surrendered Oct. 19. 1781

Treaty of Paris 1783

American Delegates

Ben Franklin

John Jay

John Adams

Terms:

Independence

All land from Appalachians to Mississippi and from the Great Lakes to Florida

Fishing Rights off Newfoundland

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