Truman and Eisenhower

Domestic Policy

Truman's domestic policy-- extension of FDR's New Deal

Truman's Domestic Policy -- Fair Deal

Minimum Wage increased .40 to .65 per hour

Fair Employment Practices Commission

Public Housing

Federal Aid for Education

Economic Problems

1944-45

Large Savings + Scarcity of Goods           48%

Inflation           Less buying Power            Strikes

1946 --Poor economic conditions, produced Rep. Congress

Passed Taft-Hartley Act over Truman VETO

Delay strikes 80 days

Banned Union Contributions

Banned Closed Shops

Election of 1948

Harry Truman  Democrat

Thomas DeweyRepublican

Strom Thurman        Dixiecrat

Everyone expected Truman to lose because:

1. Unpopular due to Post War Inflation

2. Party split  /  Henry Wallace

Truman won 49% to 45%

Chicago Tribune "Dewey Defeats Truman"

Major events under Truman

1. Equality and desegregation in Military

2. Established the House on Un-American

Activities Committee (HUAC)

(Seek out Communist in Government)

New Red Scare--Causes:

World Wide

1. Spread of Communism

2. War in China

3. USSR development of Atomic Bomb

In America

1. Alger Hiss--a state department official

(Pumpkin  with Microfilm)

2. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg--passed atomic

   bomb secrets to USSR  (executed in 1953)

McCarthyism

Joseph McCarthy (Wisconsin) used the American fear of Communism to rise to power

People became GUILTY by accusation

Why did he succeed?

1. Americans wanted to here such charges

2. Americans were confused by Korea, China, and Post World problems

3. Americans were tired of New Dealers

Results of McCarthyism:

1.  1,000,s lost jobs

2.  Many people black listed

3.  People afraid to voice opinions

4.  Those who spoke against McCarthy became KNOWN Communist

5.  Attempts to ban Robin Hood

    Cincinnati Reds became"Redlegs"

So:

1.  Accusations accepted as Proof

2.  There was no defense against slander

3.  Ruin government careers of many

Only Protection--Conform and be Silent

What stopped McCarthyism?

1954 McCarthy made 2 mistakes

1.  Accused the Army of being a

    "hotbed" of communism

2.  T.V. showed the Real McCarthy

Dec. 1954

Senate voted to "CENSURE" McCarthy

He died two years later

Election of 1954

Truman decided not to run for re-election

Adali Stevenson     Democrat

Dwight EisenhowerRepublican

(Richard Nixon V.P.)

Eisenhower defeated the "EGGHEAD" Stevenson.

Eisenhower appoints Earl Warren

Supreme Court Chief Justice

Major Events Under "Ike"

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)   overturned Plessy v. Fergerson (1896) "Separate but Equal" is not constitutional.

Little Rock Arkansas--attempts to integrate Central High School

Rosa Parks -- Montgomery Bus Boycott

________________________________________________________________

Post World War II

FDR dies April 1945

Harry Truman becomes President

United Nations is Formed

a. General Assembly

b. Security Council

Israel is formed

Post War Germany

"Cold War" begins

Truman Doctrine -- fear of the "Domino Effect"

C o n t a i n m e n t

Marshall Plan -- Help rebuild Europe

Berlin Blockade --Berlin Airlift

NATO vs Warsaw Pact

Civil War in China

Chiang-Kai-Shek    Mao Zedong

NationalistCommunist

Wealthy    Poor Peasants

Zedong /Communist win the war

Chiang-Kai-Shek / Nationalist retreat to Taiwan

Therefore:  China "FALLS" to communism

Soviet Union is already Communist

Was Communism Contained?

Korean War

1950 - 1953

After WWII -- Korea was divided

North Korea

Pro Communist Government

Strong Army

South Korea

  Pro Western

Government

Both sides wanted to reunify on their own

June 25, 1950 -- North Korea Attacks South Korea

U.N. Security Council votes for Action

(Voting Process -- Where was the Soviet Rep?)

Douglas MacArthur -- Commander of --

U.N./U.S. Troops

Chinese troops show up

MacArthur vs. Truman

America & Soviet Relations

Khrushchev  "Chills Out"

Condemned Stalin

Communist & Capatilist might be able to live together peacefully

Might tolerate different kinds of Communism

Oct. 4, 1957 --Sputnik Launched

American Reaction?

Soviet Technology Superior?

Soviets Superior in Arms?

Is there a Missle Gap?

Therefore:

Billions spent on Education

Science / Math

Billions spent on Missiles

Development / Weapon Research

NASA Created

U-2 Spy Plane & Francis Gary Powers

Cuba

1952

Batista becomes dictator

Friendly with U.S.

U.S. owns 90% of the mines, ranches, oil

50% of the Sugar Crop

and 3,000,000 acres of land

1958

Fidel Castro overthrows Batista

Castro wants to take government control of U.S. property in Cuba

U.S. reaction

Soviet reaction

Ike ordered CIA to plan to overthrow Castro

By 1961

Castro had sized control of all U.S. businesses

Signed an agreement with the Soviet Union