Colonization
Why did people leave England / Europe? 
1. Political / Religious freedom
2. Enclosure movement
3. Poverty / Slums
British Rulers During Colonization
Tudor Henry VIII
Henry VIIIEdward VIMary IElizabeth IStuart James I
James ICharles IOliver CromwellStuart Charles II
Charles IIJames IIWilliam of Orange and MaryAnneHanover George I
George IIGeorge IIIEnglish Colonization under Elizabeth I
1578/83 Sir Humphrey Gilbert - Newfoundland
5 Ships / 200 people On return trip--ship sank near the Azores 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh --(half-brother of Gilbert)
Sir Walter Raleigh --(half-brother of Gilbert)Settled Roanoke Island (NC) Named east coast of N.A. Virginia in honor of the "virgin"queen Returned one year later -- no financial help, Raleigh went broke
1587 Raleigh's second Attempt
Raleigh's second AttemptLeft the colonist with one year of suppliesDID NOT RETURN FOR THREE YEARS 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1590 Raleigh Returns to find the "Lost Colony of Roanoke"
Raleigh Returns to find the "Lost Colony of Roanoke" Colonization under James I (Elizabeth dies in 1603)
1606King James gave two charters (Joint Stock Company)
King James gave two charters (Joint Stock Company)Plymouth Co. London Co. What is a Joint Stock Company?What was their #1 goal?1607 London Company set sail Jamestown
London Company set sail JamestownThree Ships: 1. Susan Constant 2. Discovery 3. GodspeedTotal Number:
12 Laborers 108 Gentlemen120 Men / 16 died in passageBy 1608, only 53 had survived Colony was established in a swampFailed to plant a crop / lacked skills1610 Known as "the starving time"Why did the colony eventually succeed? Tobacco John Rolfe John Smith Help from Pocahontas & other natives1619 Three Important Events occur in Jamestown1. Self Government "House of Burgesses"2. Women (90)3. SlavesNew England Colonies
Mass / NH / CN / RI
Religious Divisions in England -
Plymouth and the Pilgrims
1608Separatist moved to Holland (Pilgrams)
Separatist moved to Holland (Pilgrams) Wanted to "separate" from the church! Stayed for 10 years in Holland 1618Separatist return to London
Separatist return to London Set sail on the Mayflower and Speedwell The Speedwell had to return!On September 16, 1620 -- The Mayflower set sail.102 Passengers 2 month voyage 4 died during passageWhat was it like on the Mayflower?
·On November 19, 1620 -- Mayflower Arrived
On November 19, 1620 -- Mayflower Arrived Missed their destination. Submit to the "Will of the Majority"Wm. Bradford emerges as the leader -- He kept accurate records.Squanto and Summerset helped the Pilgrims -- Squanto spoke EnglishThe 1st Thanksgiving is celebrated in the Autumn of 1621____________________________________________________________________________
Religious Divisions in England
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Charles I denied the Puritans the freedom to worship as they pleased. The Puritans wanted to "purify" the church
The Puritans obtained a charter from King Charles to est. a colony in America - The Massachusetts Bay Co. (Joint Stock Company)The Puritans believed in "predestination" Good behavior along with material wealth was considered a favorable indication. Education was also valued so a person could read the Bible.1629 - Small exploratory party establish beachhead. Boston & Salem founded. "City Upon A Hill".1630 - 11 ships with 900 colonist -- led by John Winthrop, will become Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Due to persecution by Charles I, the Joint Stock Company moved headquarters to Boston.
Only male settlers and shareholders that were church members could vote. They elected 1) General Court (Legislature) 2) GovernorHowever: This was not a democracy - freemen elected leaders to do "God's Will".
Mass. became a "Bible Commonwealth". They did not allow other religious groups.
Regular church attendance was mandatory!Culture, Religion and Real Estate
Pequot War, 1637 - Natives vs Colonist over land in Conn.
King Philip's War, 1675-78 Wampanoag chief Metacom called Philip by the Puritan settlers.
In these wars, the Natives are defeated and casualties are high on both sides!
Rhode Island
Roger Williams came to Mass. Bay in 1630. The Puritans branded him a "heretic" for his beliefs:
·Separation of Church & State
Separation of Church & State·Government should be based on the will of the people
Government should be based on the will of the people·Massachusetts should pay the natives for their land
Massachusetts should pay the natives for their land ·Because of his beliefs, Puritan authorities decided to send him back to England.
Because of his beliefs, Puritan authorities decided to send him back to England.·William escaped to the wilderness with the help of his Indian friends.
William escaped to the wilderness with the help of his Indian friends.·1636 - Williams founded the Village of Providence.
1636 - Williams founded the Village of Providence.·Other exiles such as Anne Hutchinson followed.
Other exiles such as Anne Hutchinson followed.·1644 - Rhode Island is chartered as a colony (consent of governed)
1644 - Rhode Island is chartered as a colony (consent of governed)Connecticut
Like Rhode Island, Conn. founded from Mass. Bay Co.
·1635 - Reverend Thomas Hooker received permission from the
1635 - Reverend Thomas Hooker received permission from the General Court to move into the wilderness.
·Hooker and his church believed Winthrop had too much power.
Hooker and his church believed Winthrop had too much power. As a result - this move was good for both groups.
·Other groups followed and established the towns of:
Other groups followed and established the towns of:1) Cambridge 2) Windsor 3) Hartford 4) New Haven·1639 - All new towns adopted a new government called the:
1639 - All new towns adopted a new government called the: chose a governor, limiting terms of office for public officials,
assured fair taxation.
·This becomes the first written constitution in America
This becomes the first written constitution in America·1662 - Connecticut received a charter from Charles II
1662 - Connecticut received a charter from Charles IINew Hampshire
·John Mason & Sir Fernando Gorges acquire the rights to this land in 1622
John Mason & Sir Fernando Gorges acquire the rights to this land in 1622·Like RI & CN, New Hampshire was founded by people leaving Mass. Bay Co.
Like RI & CN, New Hampshire was founded by people leaving Mass. Bay Co. because they opposed Massachusetts restrictions·Massachusetts annexed both NH & Maine until NH gets its charter
Massachusetts annexed both NH & Maine until NH gets its charter in 1679 from the king.
Maine stays a part of Massachusetts until 1820. Maine is NOT one of the original thirteen colonies!Middle Colonies - New Netherland is Conquered
New York & New Jersey
1609 - Henry Hudson sails for the
Dutch West India Co. He founded
New Amsterdam for the Netherlands:
·They built forts at the present
They built forts at the present day sites of:
1) Long Island
2) Albany
3) Hartford
4) Philadelphia
·The English view this as an infringement on their North American claim
The English view this as an infringement on their North American claim·People who accepted huge land grants were called patroons.
People who accepted huge land grants were called patroons. But, even with generous offers, the population grew very slow.·With control of the sea and control of the Hudson River,
With control of the sea and control of the Hudson River, the Dutch could control access to the Great Lakes through the Mohawk Valley.·The Dutch were friendly with the Indians - this created conflict with the English
The Dutch were friendly with the Indians - this created conflict with the English·1643 - Mass., Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven formed the
1643 - Mass., Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven formed the New England Confederation for protection safety in numbers
·1604 - An English fleet sailed into the Hudson River and overwhelmed
1604 - An English fleet sailed into the Hudson River and overwhelmed the Dutch.
·Peter Stuyvesant (Dutch Governor) gave up without firing a shot -
Peter Stuyvesant (Dutch Governor) gave up without firing a shot - ending the Dutch claim in the New World.
·Charles II gave all of the land that had been New Netherland to his
Charles II gave all of the land that had been New Netherland to his younger brother James, the Duke of York.
·James kept New York and gave New Jersey to his friends Lord John Berkley
James kept New York and gave New Jersey to his friends Lord John Berkley and Sir George Carteret.
·Both allowed the Dutch colonist to stay, trying to increase their population.
Both allowed the Dutch colonist to stay, trying to increase their population.·1685 James, the Duke of York becomes King James II.
1685 James, the Duke of York becomes King James II.·1686 - King James II combined New York, New Jersey, and all of
1686 - King James II combined New York, New Jersey, and all of New England into a government controlled by the King called the
Dominion of New England. This did away with local representation
by civilians.
·Sir Edmond Andros was made governor and given absolute rule in Boston.
Sir Edmond Andros was made governor and given absolute rule in Boston.·This created major problems to colonies that had been use to much more
This created major problems to colonies that had been use to much more personal and governmental freedom. What was the colonial reaction?
·The dominion ended when James II was removed in the
The dominion ended when James II was removed in the "Glorious Revolution" (1688) p. 68 in text.
After that, Andros was run out of New England.·King James was eventually replaced by William & Mary.
King James was eventually replaced by William & Mary. They gave much more representation to the colonies.
Pennsylvania and Delaware
Founded by William Penn - at age 22 Penn became a Quaker (Society of Friends)
·Wm. Penn inherited a debt that King Charles II owed his father.
Wm. Penn inherited a debt that King Charles II owed his father.·1681 - Charles II gave Penn a charter to pay off the debt -
1681 - Charles II gave Penn a charter to pay off the debt - a proprietary colony.
·1682 - Penn was concerned because his colony was landlocked.
1682 - Penn was concerned because his colony was landlocked. He received ($$) an outlet to the sea at Delaware Bay - this "Lower Country" would eventually become the colony of Delaware.·Penn called his colony "The Holy Experiment".
Penn called his colony "The Holy Experiment". He invited honest, hardworking settlers to come and he promised them: 1) Religious Freedom2) Representative Government 3) Cheap land (500 Acres)Results: Pennsylvania developed faster than any other colony. It was made up of:
1) Scotch Irish Presbyterians 2) Swiss - Protestants 3) German - Protestants 4) Catholics 5) Jews·By 1750, Philadelphia was the largest seaport in colonial America
By 1750, Philadelphia was the largest seaport in colonial AmericaThe Southern Colonies
Virginia Jamestown, 1607 (see above)
Maryland
1632 King Charles I granted a new colony to Cecil Calvert, son of Lord Baltimore
·Maryland became a proprietary colony
Maryland became a proprietary colony·Set sail on the Ark and the Dove
Set sail on the Ark and the Dove·Settled on the St. Mary's River in the Chesapeake Bay, 70 miles
Settled on the St. Mary's River in the Chesapeake Bay, 70 miles north of Jamestown.
·The Maryland Charter infringed of the Virginia colony,
The Maryland Charter infringed of the Virginia colony, but it caused no problem because they needed each other to survive.·Maryland learned form Virginia and from New England.
Maryland learned form Virginia and from New England.·Maryland became:
Maryland became: 1) A refuge for persecuted Catholics 2) Also provided for religious freedom for all Protestants ·Toleration Act this provided for all Christians to worship as they pleased.
Toleration Act this provided for all Christians to worship as they pleased. Although this discriminated against non-Christians, it was a step towards religious freedom in the colonies.
The Carolinas
·1663 - King Charles II gave a
1663 - King Charles II gave a proprietorship to eight English nobles
·Explored by William Hilton
Explored by William Hilton ·One noble, Sir Ashley Cooper, founded
One noble, Sir Ashley Cooper, founded Charles town (later Charleston)
after the King, Charles II
·Charleston was settled by plantation
Charleston was settled by plantation owners from Barbados (West Indies)
They brought to America their own:
1) Crops2) Slaves3) Customs4) Religion5) Types of buildings·The Carolinas split into North and South Carolina because of cultural
The Carolinas split into North and South Carolina because of cultural and economic differences:
North - occupied mostly by Virginian tobacco planters
South - occupied mostly by Immigrant planters rice / indigo
Georgia
1732 - Chartered by King George
1733 - Founded by Gen. James Oglethorpe
·Sailed to America on the Anne. Stopped in Charleston to meet Col. Bull
Sailed to America on the Anne. Stopped in Charleston to meet Col. Bull ·Bull & Oglethorpe sailed up the Savannah River to Yamacraw Bluff
Bull & Oglethorpe sailed up the Savannah River to Yamacraw Bluff·Olgethorpe meet with Chief Tomochichi with Mary Musgrove as interpreter.
Olgethorpe meet with Chief Tomochichi with Mary Musgrove as interpreter.·Established 1st planned city in America
Established 1st planned city in America·The main purpose of the colony was as a buffer for South Carolina / Spanish
The main purpose of the colony was as a buffer for South Carolina / Spanish·To protect Savannah, Olgethorpe established Fort Frederica on
To protect Savannah, Olgethorpe established Fort Frederica on St. Simmons Island
·Georgia defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Bloody Marsh and removed the
Georgia defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Bloody Marsh and removed the Spanish as a threat to the American colonies
