Sectionalism

Until 1820 - South was Nationalistic -- Two events caused Sectionalism

1. Business Panic 1819

2. Overplanting

* cotton dropped

  .33 to .15 per pound

* tobacco dropped

  .25 to .05 per pound

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Free State v. Slave State

House of Reps.Senate

FreeSlaveFree  Slave

105     81   22       22

Missouri wanted to be admitted as a slave state  Results:

1. Maine was admitted as a free state

2. Missouri was admitted as a slave state

3. Divided the country by the 36 30

Thomas Jefferson Firebell in the Night

This trade off  worked until: Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo made land available below the 36 30 line.

Tallmadge Amendment banned slavery in the west - Passed House

North first to push for Sectionalism -- Blocked in the Senate

Nullification -- (Webster/Hayes Debate 1830)

Threat of Secession King Cotton

Nov. 24, 1832 - Nullified Tariff of 1828, 1832.  Force Bill - Andrew Jackson

Compromise Tariff of 1833 -- Henry Clay

South Carolina voids Nullification

Force Bill - void

This Created Strong Sectionalism -- By 1833 Sectionalism was strongest over:

1.  Taking slaves into free states

2.  Tariffs

3.  Federal taxes for Roads and Highways

4.  Morality of Slavery

Peculiar Institution 

1830  South became Pro Slavery

1831  Three events forced pro-slavery ideas in the mind of the Southern

1. Strong abolitionis campaign

William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator

David Walkers Appel

Burned Post offices

2. Slave revolts in the South

3. Failure of attempts of gradual emancipation

Pro-Slavery Argument:  Slaves,

1. were necessary for adequate labor supply

2. were provided the necessitites of life

3. had no finacial worries

4. received benefits of civilization

5. approved in the Bible

1848 -- Wilmot Proviso-stated that slavery should not exist in lands aquired from Mexico.

Election of 1848

CandidateParty         Platform

CassDem Pop. Sovereignty

Taylor      Whig         No Platform

Van BurenFree-Soil   Split in Dem Party

Compromise of 1850

Formed by Henry Clay

Disposed of the extension of the 36 30 -- Results:

1. Admitted California as a FREE state

2. Land acquired from Mexico would be based on Popular Sovereignty.

3. Texas was paid 10 million

4. Abolish Slave trade in Washing, D.C.

5. Passed a more effective fugitive slave law.

Compromise of 1850 did not work because:

Fugtive slave law,

1. tried before commissioners

a. $10 to return

b. $ 5 to free

2. Required all citizens to assist

3. terrified free blacks

4. No protection against incorrect I.D.

This led to success of Uncle Toms Cabin (Stowe)

Election of 1852

Whigs .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Winfield Scott

Democrats  .  .  .  .  . Franklin Pierce

Continued on next page or Back to Main Page