The Rise of Germany and Italy

    1. Europe after World War I

              Extremely High Unemployment

              Hyper Inflation

              Fear and Hatred

                        France toward Germany

                        Fear of Communism

                        Germany envious of England

              Failure of Democracies

                        Russia 1917

                        Italy 1922

                        Germany 1930's

    2. Germany establishes the Weimar Republic (1919)

              Universal Human Suffrage (over 20)

              Freedom for Individuals

    3. Treaty of Versailles

              Germany dissatisfied

              Believed the treaty was unfair

    Fascism in Italy

    1. The Rise of Fascism

              Unhappy with Treaty of Versailles

                        Not Enough Glory

                        Not Enough Territory

              Poor Economy

                        High Inflation

                        High Unemployment

              Weak government

              Fear of Communism

    2. Fascist Party

              Leader -- Benito Mussolini

              March on Rome

                        Poorly Organized--but effective

                        Mussolini declared "Premier"

    3. What is Fascism?

              Statism (you exist to serve the state)

              War is Good

              Dictatorship (Only Party)

                        Control the Press

                        No Freedom of Speech

    4. Italy under Mussolini (developed Church and State)

              Mussolini received support from the Pope (1929)

                        Catholicism becomes state religion

                        Education was Catholic

              "The child is mine from the crib to the grave"

    Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party

    1. Major Problems in Germany

              Reparations (War-Guilt Clause)

                        Owed 35 Billion for WWI

                        France takes Ruhr Valley

              Inflation

                        ¨ 1912                    4 marks = 1 dollar

                        ¨ 1923                    4 trillion marks = 1 dollar

              Weimer Republic Fails

              Major Depression

    2. Rise of the Nazi Party

              Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party

              Organized 1919

              Beer Hall Putsch 1923

                        Hitler and the SA fail

                       Hitler sent to Prison

              Mein Kampf

                        Hitler's book on the Aryan supremacy

                        Plans to take over Germany

              Hitler loses bid for Presidency (1932)

              1933 -- Appointed Chancellor (why?)

                        Nazis controlled the parliament

                        Country was at a deadlock

              Dissolved all other Political Parties

              March 1933 -- Becomes Dictator

              "The bigger the lie the easier it is to believe."

    The Road to War

    Aggression and Appeasement

    1. Japanese Expansion in the Pacific

              (1872-1925 population doubled)

                        1931 Japan Invades Manchurica

                        League of Nation Condemns Japan

                        Japan Ignores the League

    2. Aggression in Europe

                                    (Germany withdraws from the League)

    1935          Hitler begins Military Build-up

                          Italy Invades Ethiopia

                         Emp. Haile Selassie appeals to League

                                  "It is us today.  It will be you tomorrow"

                       ¨ Germany invades the Rhineland

                        ¨Rome-Berlin Axis formed

    1937          Hitler takes Austria (Berchtesgaden)

                        Europe remains passive (Churchill)

    1938           Hitler prepares to take the Sudetenland

                      Neville Chamberlain-Edouard Daladier

                      sign Munich Pact "Peace for our time"

    (Churchill: "Britain and France had to choose between war

and dishonor.  They chose dishonor.  They will have war")

    1939          Hitler takes Czechoslovakia

                        Hitler, "Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist"

                        Germany/USSR sign Non-Aggression Pact

    The War Begins

    ¨  Germany attacks Poland (Sept. 1, 1939)

                                  (Because of Pact with USSR)

                        Blitzkrieg (Lighting Warfare)

                        Poland crushed in 3 weeks

                        Sitzkrieg (Sitting War) (Phony War)

                               (everyone is ready, but nothing happens)

                        USSR takes--

                        Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania & Finland

                        French hiding behind the Maginot Line

    1940  Hitler Invades

                1. Denmark

                2.  Norway

                3.  Netherlands

                4.  Belgium  (goes around Magiont Line)

                        The Battle of Dunkirk 

                        330,000 British troops saved by Floatilla

                        Paris Falls

                        Henri Petain makes deal for France

                         Vichy France established

                         Puppet Government under Petain

                        Charles de Gaulle est. Free French